This paper concerns the transmission of two independent Gaussian sources over a two-user decentralized interference channel, assuming that the transmitters are unaware of the instantaneous CSIs. The availability of the channel state information at receivers (CSIR) is considered in two scenarios of perfect and imperfect CSIR. In the imperfect CSIR case, we consider a more practical assumption of having an MMSE estimation of the channel gain at the receivers. In this case, minimizing the expected achievable distortion associated with each link is considered. Due to the absence of CSI at the transmitters, the Gaussian sources are encoded in a successively refinable manner and the resulting code words are transmitted over the channel using a multi-layer coding technique. Accordingly, the optimal power assignment between code layers leading to the least expected achievable distortion, under a mean-square error criterion is derived for both, the perfect and imperfect CSIR scenarios. Finally, some numerical examples are provided and it is demonstrated that the proposed method results in better performance as compared with the conventional single-layer approach, termed as outage approach.

Rock has been advantageously employed in hydraulic structures such as rockfill dams, gabion weirs and drain works. One rockfill dam applications can be flood control in watershed management. The objectives of building rockfill detention dams are flow storage for a specific period and lowering of the outflow hydrograph. As this type of dam consists of coarse particles, seepage flow will deviate from Darcy’s law and mostly be turbulent.Under the practical conditions of watershed management, it might be necessary to build successive rockfill dams, where a final outflow hydrograph with lower peak flows and longer duration is needed. Due to their reciprocal effects, the hydraulics of successive rockfill detention dams are complicated. This paper describes a routing flow model through successive rockfill dams considering the storage among them and their effects on each other. In the developed model, the velocity has been introduced to the 1-D continuity equation as an exponential relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (f). By introducing the inflow hydrograph and rockfill characteristics as input data to the model, the outflow hydrograph can be determined through the storage routing method. The results of the developed model show good agreement with the experimental data collected for this investigation. The results show that the degree of peak reduction of the routed hydrograph depends on the number of successive rockfill dams, the distance between them, the average size of the rockfill material, and the dam dimensions.

In this paper, we consider a fractional Sturm-Liouville equation of the form, 􀀀, cD,0+ ,D,0+y(t) + q(t)y(t) = , y(t),0 < ,< 1,t 2 [0,1],with Dirichlet boundary conditions I1􀀀, ,0+ y(t)jt=0 = 0,and I1􀀀, ,0+ y(t)jt=1 = 0,where, the sign ,is composition of two operators and q 2 L2(0,1), is a real-valued potential function. We use a recursive method based on Picard's successive method to , nd the solution of this problem. We prove the method is convergent and show that the eigenvalues are obtained from the zeros of the Mittag-Le, er function and its derivatives.

We report two 11 and 14 year old girls with bilateral ulnar club hand deformity, who have the familial form of the disease. Their mother and 8 other family members are affected by the same deformity, the congenital form of deformity was first reported by Robert in 1886 and since then, one more case has been reported in the literature. Our report to our knowledge is the first that reports the case in 11 members of 3 generations of a family.